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citations guide interviews intranet personal comms
Concise Guide to APA Style: 7th Edition (OFFICIAL)
Page 204 Review
Understanding Citations in Academic Writing: A Deep Dive
In academic writing, citations are crucial for acknowledging the sources of information and ideas used in your work.
This ensures intellectual honesty and allows readers to verify the accuracy and credibility of your claims.
The excerpt provided delves into specific types of citations, including personal interviews, classroom resources, intranet materials, and personal communications.
Personal Interviews: Documenting Direct Insights
The text distinguishes between different types of interviews and how they should be cited.
As stated, “Personal interviews are those you conducted to obtain information to support a key point in your paper (e.g., an email inquiry to an author about their published work).” These interviews, because they are not publicly accessible, are treated differently than published sources.
The excerpt explains that because “readers cannot recover this type of interview, cite it as a personal communication (see Section 8.9).”
This approach recognizes the unique nature of unpublished information.
Citing personal communications ensures that the source is acknowledged, even if it cannot be independently verified by the reader.
Research Participant Interviews: A Note on Methodology
The text also clarifies how to handle interviews conducted as part of a research study: “Research participant interviews are those you conducted as part of your study methodology.
They do not require a citation because you do not cite your own work in the paper in which you first report it.” This makes sense because the research itself is the primary source.
The excerpt further states: “However, information gathered from research participant interviews can be presented and discussed in a paper; for guidelines, see Section 8.36 of the Publication Manual.”
Citing Classroom and Intranet Resources: Accessibility Matters
Another key area covered is the citation of classroom or intranet resources.
The excerpt emphasizes the importance of accessibility: “Some works are recoverable only by certain audiences, which determines how they are cited.
For example, a student writing a paper for a course assignment might cite material from the classroom website or learning management system (LMS; e.g., Canvas, Blackboard), or an employee writing an internal report might cite resources from the company intranet.
These sources are recoverable by the instructor and fellow students or by other employees of the company but not the general public.”
The excerpt then provides specific guidance: “When the audience you are writing for can retrieve the works you used, cite the works using the formats shown in Chapter 10, which are organized according to reference group and category.
For example, to cite a recorded lecture or PowerPoint presentation available from a classroom website or LMS, follow the format shown in Chapter 10, Example 90.
The source element of these references includes the name of the classroom website or LMS and the URL (which should be the home page or login page for sites with restricted access).
Likewise, for a report on a company intranet, follow the report formats shown in Section 10.4.”
However, a crucial caveat is added: “However, if the work is for professional publication or intended for a wider audience who will not have access to these sources, cite the sources as personal communications (see Section 8.9).” This underscores the principle that sources cited should be readily accessible, or acknowledged as personal communications if not.
Personal Communications: When Sources Aren’t Recoverable
Finally, the excerpt addresses personal communications: “Works that cannot be recovered by readers (i.e., works without a source element; see Section 9.4) are cited in the text as personal communications.
Personal communications include emails, text messages…” This category covers sources that are not publicly available and cannot be easily accessed by the reader.
In essence, the guidelines presented in this excerpt provide a framework for responsible and ethical academic writing, ensuring proper attribution of sources while considering their accessibility to the intended audience.
By differentiating between different types of sources and providing specific citation guidelines, the text promotes clarity and transparency in scholarly communication.
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Citations Guide Interviews Intranet Personal Comms
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