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copyright permissions guide for academic writing
Concise Guide to APA Style: 7th Edition (OFFICIAL)
Page 228 Review
Navigating Copyright Permissions: A Detailed Analysis
This excerpt delves into the crucial aspects of copyright permissions, particularly relevant for academic writing and publishing.
It provides a clear roadmap for authors navigating the complexities of using copyrighted material.
Let’s break down the key points:
Test and Scale Items, Questionnaires, and Vignettes
The text highlights the importance of obtaining permission when using copyrighted and commercially available tests or scales:
“Items reprinted or adapted from copyrighted and commercially available tests or scales (e.g., Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales) require a copyright attribution and permission.”
It further emphasizes the potential difficulty in obtaining these permissions and suggests paraphrasing as a viable alternative:
“Obtaining these permissions can be difficult and time consuming; a preferable alternative to reproducing the exact items in your paper may be to instead reword or paraphrase those items.”
This section underscores the strict rules surrounding standardized assessments and the need for careful consideration when incorporating them into research or publications.
Even a single item can trigger copyright issues:
“Permission is required, and may be denied, to reproduce even one item from such instruments.”
Long Quotations and Copyright
The excerpt addresses the nuanced rules concerning quotations:
“Although most quotations taken from a published work need only an author-date citation, long quotations, the definition of which varies by copyright holder, may require permission.”
The definition of a ‘long quotation’ isn’t standardized and depends on the copyright holder’s policy.
Authors must proactively determine these policies, often found on publishers’ websites.
Proper attribution is essential when permission is granted:
“When needed, request permission to reproduce the quotation and provide a copyright attribution crediting the source.
It is the author’s responsibility to determine the policy of each copyright holder; large publishers usually provide their permission policies on their websites.”
Commercial Stock Photography and Clip Art
The passage then shifts to the specific cases of commercial stock photography and clip art, emphasizing that online search results for these materials are also subject to copyright restrictions.
Commercial Stock Photography
Unless a stock image falls under a Creative Commons license or is in the public domain, a license purchase is mandatory for reproduction:
“Unless a stock image has a Creative Commons license (see Section 8.37) or is in the public domain, it is not permissible to reproduce it without purchasing a license from the vendor.”
Vendors like Getty Images, Shutterstock, and iStock typically grant license holders the right to reproduce images without copyright attribution:
“A license usually allows the license holder to reproduce the image without a copyright attribution; however, without your own license, you cannot reproduce the image.”
Clip Art
The rules regarding clip art are more varied.
While many instances don’t require explicit permission, a copyright attribution might still be necessary:
“Most clip art does not require permission to reproduce, but it may require a copyright attribution.”
Clip art included with software programs like Microsoft Word is usually licensed through the program purchase, allowing usage without attribution in academic papers:
“For clip art included with a computer program (e.g., Microsoft Word), purchase of the program provides a license for that clip art, and you can use it in an academic paper without a copyright attribution or author-date citation.”
For free clip art from websites, the copyright status of each image must be verified to determine attribution requirements:
“If the clip art comes from a free clip art website, check the copyright status of the image to determine whether a copyright attribution or citation is needed (see Section 8.37 and Example 87 in Chapter 10).”
Conclusion
This excerpt provides a valuable overview of copyright considerations for academic authors.
By understanding these guidelines, researchers and writers can avoid potential legal issues and ensure proper attribution for all borrowed materials.
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