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intext citation guide author rules examples
Concise Guide to APA Style: 7th Edition (OFFICIAL)
Page 211 Review
Understanding In-Text Citations: A Detailed Commentary
In academic writing, in-text citations are crucial for acknowledging sources and avoiding plagiarism.
This excerpt delves into specific rules and guidelines for formatting these citations, particularly focusing on author names and the number of authors to include.
Repeated Narrative Citations
The excerpt begins by illustrating the concept of repeated narrative citations where the year is omitted.
Consider this example:
“Koehler (2016) experimentally examined how journalistic coverage influences public perception of the level of agreement among experts.
Koehler provided participants with quotations from real reviews for movies that critics either loved or loathed.
He found that participants better appreciated the level of expert consensus for highly rated movies when only positive reviews were provided rather than when both positive and negative reviews were provided, even when the proportion of positive to negative reviews was indicated.
These findings, in combination with similar research, demonstrate that providing evidence for both sides when most experts agree may lead to a false sense of balance (Koehler, 2016; Reginald, 2015).”
This passage highlights how researchers like Koehler investigated the impact of journalistic coverage on public perception.
Specifically, it shows that providing both positive and negative reviews can sometimes create a false sense of balance, even when a strong consensus exists among experts.
The reference to Reginald (2015) suggests that this phenomenon has been observed in other contexts as well.
Number of Authors in Citations
A significant portion of the excerpt addresses the proper format for in-text citations based on the number of authors involved.
One or Two Authors
The rule is straightforward: “For a work with one or two authors, include the author name(s) in every citation.” Examples are given:
“Eifert and Yildiz (2018)”
Three or More Authors
When dealing with three or more authors, the guideline becomes more complex: “For a work with three or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus “et al.” in every citation, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity (see Section 8.18).” This rule aims to simplify citations while still providing adequate attribution.
The excerpt also distinguishes between parenthetical and narrative citations. “In parenthetical citations, use an ampersand (&) between names for a work with two authors or before the last author when all names must be included to avoid ambiguity (see Section 8.18).
In narrative citations, spell out the word “and.” Examples:
“(Joreskog & Sd6rbom, 2007)”
Groups as Authors
The guidelines extend to cases where groups are the authors:
“The same guidelines apply when any of the authors are groups.
For example, if a work is authored by three groups, the in-text citation would include the name of the first group plus “et al.” (American Educational Research Association et al., 2014)”
Avoiding Ambiguity
The recurring mention of avoiding ambiguity suggests a critical underlying principle.
While brevity and simplicity are desirable in citations, clarity and accuracy are paramount.
Section 8.18, referenced throughout the excerpt, likely provides further guidance on resolving ambiguous situations.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this excerpt from the ebook provides a concise guide to formatting in-text citations, emphasizing the importance of accurately representing the number of authors and distinguishing between parenthetical and narrative styles.
The goal is to provide clear and unambiguous attribution while maintaining readability.
Understanding and applying these guidelines is essential for producing scholarly work that adheres to academic standards.
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