Citation Guide: Mastering Academic References

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citation guide mastering academic references

Concise Guide to APA Style: 7th Edition (OFFICIAL)

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Understanding Citations: A Deep Dive into Textual Works Ow 267

This excerpt from Textual Works Ow 267 provides valuable insights into the correct methods for citing various types of sources according to specific academic guidelines.

Proper citation is crucial for academic integrity, acknowledging the work of others, and allowing readers to verify the information presented.

Annual Reports

The first example demonstrates how to cite an annual report from a governmental agency.

Specifically, it uses the U.

S.

Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) 2017 Agency Financial Report as an example.

Let’s break down the elements:

• Source: “U.

  S.

  Securities and Exchange Commission. (2017).

  Agency financial report: Fiscal year 2017. https://www.sec.gov/files/sec-2017-agency-financial-report.pdf”

• Parenthetical Citation: “(U.

  S.

  Securities and Exchange Commission, 2017)”

• Narrative Citation: “U.

  S.

  Securities and Exchange Commission (2017)”

The parenthetical citation is placed within the sentence, while the narrative citation integrates the agency’s name directly into the sentence’s structure.

Note the use of the agency’s full name in both instances.

Codes of Ethics

The next section illustrates how to cite multiple codes of ethics from different professional organizations.

The example includes codes from the American Counseling Association, the American Nurses Association, and the American Psychological Association.

This section highlights how to cite multiple sources within a single reference:

• Sources:
  • “American Counseling Association. (2014). 2014 ACA code of ethics. https://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center”
  • “American Nurses Association. (2015).

    Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. httos://www.nursingworld.org/coe-view-only”

  • “American Psychological Association. (2017).

    Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx”

• Parenthetical Citation: “(American Counseling Association, 2014; American Nurses Association, 2015; American Psychological Association, 2017)”
• Narrative Citation: “American Counseling Association (2014), American Nurses Association (2015), and American Psychological Association (2017)”

When citing multiple sources in the same parenthesis, they are generally listed alphabetically by the first author’s last name.

In the narrative citation, ‘and’ is used before the final organization’s name.

Grants

The final section focuses on citing grant information.

It uses a specific grant, “Stress, self-regulation and psychopathology in middle childhood,” funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, as an example:

• Source: “Blair, C.

  B. (Principal Investigator). (2015-2020).

  Stress, self-regulation and psychopathology in middle childhood (Project No. 5RO1HD081252-04) [Grant].

  Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development. https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_details.cfm?aid=9473071&icde=40092311″

• Parenthetical Citation: “(Blair, 2015-2020)”
• Narrative Citation: “Blair (2015-2020)”

Important points to note about citing grants from this excerpt include:

• “List the principal investigator as the author with their role in parentheses, the project start and end year(s) as the date, the project title as the title, and the funding agency as the source.”
• “The National Institutes of Health (NIH) refers to grant numbers as project numbers; use the appropriate terminology for the grant in your reference and include the number in parentheses after the title.”
• “A grant application is not a recoverable source and should be discussed as part of the methodology but not included in the reference list.” This emphasizes that grant *applications* are not citable in the reference list, only the awarded grant details.

Understanding these distinctions is key to accurately representing the source material and avoiding misrepresentation.

Key Takeaways

This excerpt underscores the importance of precise and consistent citation practices.

By following these guidelines, researchers and writers can ensure that they give proper credit to the original sources and maintain the integrity of their work.

The examples provided offer clear templates for citing different types of sources, enabling readers to easily adapt them to their own academic writing.

Paying close attention to the nuances of each citation format is essential for effective academic communication.

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Citation Guide Mastering Academic References

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