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citing tests scales apps a guide for academics
Concise Guide to APA Style: 7th Edition (OFFICIAL)
Page 298 Review
Review of Citing Tests, Scales, and Mobile Apps in Academic Writing
This excerpt from an academic style guide provides valuable information on how to properly cite tests, scales, inventories, and mobile applications in research papers.
It emphasizes consistency and accuracy in referencing these essential tools, ensuring that credit is given where it’s due and that readers can easily locate the sources.
Citing Mobile Apps
The guide starts by illustrating how to cite mobile applications, specifically medical references.
Consider this example:
“Epocrates. (2019).
Epocrates medical references (Version 18.12) [Mobile app].
App Store. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/epocrates/id281935788?mt=8
Parenthetical citation: (Epocrates, 2019)
Narrative citation: Epocrates (2019)”
This example provides a clear structure: the author (in this case, the app developer), the year of publication, the title of the app (with the version number), the designation as a mobile app, and the source (App Store).
The parenthetical and narrative citation examples show how to integrate the citation into the text smoothly.
Citing Entries Within Mobile Apps
The guide further details how to cite specific entries within a mobile app.
For instance:
“Epocrates. (2019).
Interaction check: Aspirin + sertraline.
In Epocrates medical references (Version 18.12) [Mobile app].
Google Play Store. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.epocrates&hl=en_US
Parenthetical citation: (Epocrates, 2019)
Narrative citation: Epocrates (2019)”
Here, the citation includes the specific entry being referenced (“Interaction check: Aspirin + sertraline”), ensuring clarity and precision.
This level of detail is crucial for academic rigor.
Citing Tests, Scales, and Inventories
The most significant portion of the excerpt focuses on citing tests, scales, and inventories.
The guide emphasizes the importance of citing the supporting literature, such as manuals or journal articles:
“To cite a test, scale, or inventory, provide a citation for its supporting literature (e.g., its manual, which may be an authored or an edited book, or the journal article in which it was published; see Example 70).
If supporting literature is not available, it is also possible to cite the test itself (see Example 71) and/or a database record for a test (see Example 72).”
This instruction highlights the hierarchy of citation sources.
Ideally, the manual or publication detailing the test’s development and validation should be cited.
If these are unavailable, the test itself or a database record can be used.
The excerpt also provides important formatting guidelines:
“The title of a test, a scale, or an inventory should be capitalized using title case whenever it appears in a paper.
Although the test title may be italicized in a reference (e.g., in the name of a manual or when the test itself is cited), in the text, the title of a test should appear in title case in standard (nonitalic) type.”
This clarifies the distinction between the reference list and the body of the text.
While the test title may be italicized in the reference list, it should appear in title case and standard font within the main text.
Example of Citing a Test Manual
The guide provides a concrete example of citing a test manual:
“Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porath, Y.
S. (2011).
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF): Technical manual.
Pearson.
Parenthetical citation: (Tellegen & Ben-Porath, 2011)
Narrative citation: Tellegen and Ben-Porath (2011)”
This example showcases the correct format for citing a test manual, including the authors, publication year, title of the manual (with the test name), and publisher.
The parenthetical and narrative citations are also provided for easy reference.
Constructing References for Tests, Scales, and Inventories
Author, A.
A., Title of the Test.
Test
& Author, B.
B.
Title of the Test Data. aes OFg/XXxxx
base Record [Database ame https://
record].
XXXXXX
Conclusion
In conclusion, this excerpt serves as a helpful resource for researchers and students who need to cite tests, scales, inventories, and mobile applications accurately.
By following the guidelines and examples provided, writers can ensure that their citations are complete, consistent, and adhere to academic standards.
Paying attention to detail in citations not only gives proper credit but also enhances the credibility and transparency of academic work.
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